New study- If a metal-rich star has a Sub-Neptune, it is much more likely to also have a distant cold Jupiter. Around metal-rich stars, the conditional frequency of a cold Jupiter existing in a system that already has a sub-Neptune is as high as 42-45%.

Source: Https://arxiv.org/html/2604.20203v1 Researchers calculated radius valley, an observed, narrow gap in the size distribution, it separates two distinct populations: rocky super-Earths and sub-Neptunes. Probability Density Function of the Beta Distribution is also calculated here. submit